A female will do this when she is ready to mate to alert male tigers that may pass through her territory. Tigers, especially females, are territorial and they mark their territory by spraying plants with their pungent urine. Roaring is an aggressive vocalisation that can be heard up to three kilometres away. They have a range of vocalisations to communicate including roaring, snarling, hissing, and chuffing. They sleep for up to 18 to 20 hours a day. Sumatran tigers are strong swimmers and have webbing on their paws to help them swim. The sense of smell is mainly used for communicating with other tigers, including territorial boundaries and reproductive status. The sense of smell in tigers is not as powerful as some of their other senses and is not generally used for hunting. Once a tiger has caught an animal, it uses its powerful jaws to latch onto the throat of their prey and suffocate it to death. Only about 10 percent of tiger hunts result in a successful kill. They hunt numerous species including deer, wild pigs, fish, and macaques. Like all big cats, they are obligate carnivores, meaning they are biologically dependent on a meat diet. Sumatran tigers are the apex predator in their habitat. Whiskers can help a tiger judge the distance between two places and help to find their way through small spaces, especially in the dark. Whiskers can detect even the slightest change in the air or wind and so provide important information to a tiger regarding its surroundings, including a possible food source. Tiger whiskers are thick, highly sensitive and are connected to the nervous system. Sumatran tigers have distinctive mane-like hair growth around their necks and have long whiskers. Just like the human fingerprint, tiger stripes are unique to each individual tiger. The stripes of the Sumatran tiger are closer together and it has darker orange fur than other tigers to allow it to blend into its tropical rainforest habitat. The Sumatran tiger is the smallest of the living tiger species. Sumatran tigers live in rainforest habitat and rely on large tracts of forest for survival. They are the only tiger found in Indonesia after the Balinese and Javanese tigers were pushed to extinction in the 1900s. They are classified as Critically Endangered with less than 400 individuals estimated still surviving in the wild. They once roamed throughout the Sunda Islands in Western Indonesia, however now only a few remain on the island of Sumatra. Sumatran tigers ( Panthera tigris sumatrae) are on the brink of extinction due to habitat destruction, human-tiger conflict, and poaching.
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